Population pyramid

A population pyramid or ‘population profile’ is detailed diagram referring to the shape of the graphs which demonstrates the composition of a nation’s population in relation to various age groups and sex (cohorts).   It contains two side-to-side placed graphs, one that shows details of the male segment of the population, and the other that shows details of the female segment of the population.   Usually the left hand side shows details of the male segment of the population.   A population profile is usually triangular in shape, the base suggesting a large number of children.   A rapid narrowing of the top bands suggests that people may be dying faster.   The population pyramid provides a lot of other details such as birth rate, death rate, and life-expectancy. The pyramid should be ideally symmetrical to demonstrate similar pattern and numbers between males and females in the nation.A population pyramid of a nation is of different types depending on seve ral factors such as birth rates, death rates, and situation prevailing in the country.   These include a stationary pyramid, progressive pyramid and regressive pyramid. A stationary pyramid demonstrates a rather constant pattern of fertility and death rate.   A progressive pyramid demonstrates a high turnover of the population (elevated birth and death rates), and a large number of children.   A regressive pyramid on the other hand suggests a dropping birth rate and a low fatality rate.   Some countries may develop a ‘youth bulge’ in their population pyramid (a rise in the youth segment of the population), which may increase the risk for war terrorism and criminal activities to flourish (Answers.Com. 2006).During a war situation, a nation’s population pyramid may have varying appearances depending on the manner in which it is affected.The most active segment of the population, that is young men cohort, are usually the most affected during a war.   Due t o severe losses, nations often demonstrate a drop in the bar graphs in the adult male cohort group, and excess in the corresponding female segment.   Losses of young and middle-aged men later tend to affect other portions of the population profile.   The birth rate on both the male and the female side would significantly reduce over a period of time.   As this cohort of adult males get older, the excess on the female side and the deficiency in the male side starts climbing.   In the 1965 population pyramid of the United Kingdom, it was seen that the number of middle-aged and elderly men were reduced, compared to the similar female cohort due to losses during the World War (Answers.Com. 2006).Sometimes, during a war situation, there may be equivalent loss on the adult female cohort side due to frequent deaths arising from childbirth, reduced healthcare facilities, sporadic violence, etc.   Ã‚  Such a population pyramid appears symmetric with a depression of cohorts on the a dult male and female side.   This is known as a ‘constrictive pyramid’.  Ã‚   The birth rate and the fertility rates also drop due to a decrease in women and men having a high potential for reproduction.   The population pyramids of the US during the 1940’s show this kind of a pattern as usually the adult population was affected, playing a role in the defense of the nation.   Over a period of time this cohort climbed as it got older (Rosenberg, Matt. 1997).When a country is affected with a full blown war, all the segments of the population seem to be affected.   All the cohorts tend to get depressed.   The mortality rates increases, whereas the birth rate of the population decreases.   In some countries, the depression may be greater in the young adult segment of the population as they tend to be more involved with the war.  Ã‚   These depressed cohorts tend to carry over with time as the population gets older.   The population pyramid of Japan during the 1940’s shows this kind of a pattern, as civilian populations were also affected (Statistical Handbook of Japan. 2006).References:About.Com. â€Å"Population Pyramid.† Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2006. Answers.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.answers.com/topic/population-pyramidRosenberg, Matt. â€Å"Age-Sex Pyramids.† About Geography. 1997. About.Com. 29 Dec. 2006. http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa071497.htmStatistical Handbook of Japan. â€Å"Chapter 2   Population.† Statistics Bureau. 2006. Statistics Bureau of Japan. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/handbook/c02cont.htmUS Census Bureau. â€Å"IDB Population Pyramids.† U.S. Census Bureau Population Division/International Programs Center. 2006. US Census Bureau. 29 Dec. 2006. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html

Did the Crusades Advance the Cause of Christ?

The reasoning behind the creation of the Crusades has always been thought of as to take back Jerusalem, the Holy Land, from Muslim hands through the use of military force. To which it tried to do so in numerous military campaigns that resulted in both success and defeats. What must be wondered is did the Crusades through military force really advance the cause of Christ or was it simply misguided slaughter? Historical accounts have stated that when the Crusaders laid siege to cities within the region of Jerusalem and even to Jerusalem itself it was common practice to ransack the city and slay all the inhabitants therein.Roger Bacon, an English Philosopher and a Franciscan monk, criticized the Crusades stating that the survivors of the ransacked cities were more embittered against the Christian faith than they were for it. This is technically true since the indiscriminate killing of people and the ransacking of cities as practiced by the Crusaders at the time wouldn't exactly hold the m in high esteem with the local populace . Another aspect of the crusades that must noted was that those who participated in it were granted plenary indulgences by the pope.Indulgences can be described as exemptions from sin that allowed a person who participated in the Crusades to be exempt from the sins they committed in life upon death. It is this particular aspect of the crusades that actually lead to even greater atrocities since individuals were under the assumption that any act they committed would be forgiven. What this paper will seek to do is examine the reasons behind the Crusades, the instances where it deviated from the doctrine of Christ and to answer the question of whether or not it truly advanced the cause of Christ.Political Reasons Though the reason for the Crusades was supposedly to retake the Holy Land the original for the start of the Crusades can actually be traced to 2 factors. The first would be the direct request of the Byzantine emperor Alexio the first to Pope Urban the 2 for help in repealing the encroaching Muslims who were invading his territory at the time . The second would be the fact that Catholic missionaries and pilgrims who went to Jerusalem in order to pray and pay their respects were regularly killed by the Muslims at the time.This resulted in the pope justifying the potential violence of the Crusades with the need to protect the pilgrims making a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The resulting propaganda advertising the need to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims started a religious fervor that resulted in many joining the Crusade. While it must be noted that the reasons were justifiable with the need to protect the pilgrims on their journey the resulting massacres of innocent people that came as a result of the Crusades could have been avoided if the invading army actually took the lessons of Christ to heart instead of devolving in mindless savagery.Massacre of the Jews and Arabs An unfortunate consequence of the Crusades was the indiscriminate massacre of civilians whenever a city was captured. Jews and Muslims alike were killed along with their children which resulted in literal rivers of blood flowing on the streets of the city. Such actions were justified under the pretext of waging a Holy War against the Muslims. The teachings of Christ emphasized the need for tolerance regarding your fellow man. In this regard the Crusaders actually fail since instead of tolerance they instilled the fear of death and instead of helping their fellow man they killed him.The end result of such actions was that those who lost loves ones. , friends, family or close acquaintances were more embittered against Christianity than they were for it. The result was those affected by the slaughter chose to fight against Christianity in revenge for the atrocities that were committed against their friends and family in the name of Holy War . Today the actions of the Crusaders would not constitute a Holy War rather it could be considered the systematic genocide of Muslims and Jews in a region in order to instill their own doctrines instead cooperating and coexisting.Up till today the region is still rife with anti catholic sentiment and this goes to show that the actions of the crusaders at the time were a far cry from the teachings that they supposedly were suppose to adhere to. Granting of Indulgences It was during the Crusades that the granting of plenary indulgences became a customer in order to recruit more soldiers to the cause. The idea behind it was that if a person went on a Crusade and died all his sins in life would be forgiven.This practice can be compared to the creation of St. Peter's Basilica where in order to raise funds to build it plenary indulgences were sold to the general public in the form of written letters stating the indulgences that they were exempt to. The reason why this is comparable to that is due to the fact that as a result of the granting of these indulgences soldiers in a Crusade were more likely to heinous acts such as the brutal murder of an entire family and justify to himself that he would be exempt from the sin.It was through the indulgences that violent measures involved during the Crusades actually escalated since more and more brutal acts were justified under the holiness of their cause and that they would be exempt from the sin . In the teachings of Christ it doesn't state that sin can be exempted via large forms of money nor does it make sense that a person can be cleansed from the sin of murder when that person doesn't regret it at all under the false belief that what they do is justified under some cause greater than themselves. Military conquestThe end result of the first Crusade was both the conquest of Jerusalem as well as several of the outlying regions close to it. The Crusades that came after also conquered numerous territories at the expense of more blood and civilian lives. The end result was instead of spreading the word of Chri st the Crusaders wound up conquering and pillaging numerous territories while supposedly under a â€Å"Holy† cause . The original purpose of the Crusades was to capture Jerusalem and prepare safe passage for pilgrims but what happened was the mindless ransacking of cities and the conquering of territories.In the Hollywood film â€Å"Kingdom of Heaven† we see can see that some Crusaders did not join the war for the sake of a religious cause rather it was due to the fact that to the victor goes the spoils. The numerous territories that were captured as shown in the film were given to the Crusaders as their own territories. This created a culture wherein people believed that they could make new fortunes for themselves if they fought in the crusades.The film wasn't a far depiction from reality with numerous territories in the region put under the control of high ranking crusaders and their numerous allies. Conclusion Based on the fact that as a result of the Crusades numer ous innocent people were slaughtered, that soldiers indiscriminately butchered people under the belief that what they were doing would be forgiven immediately, that in the end people joined the Crusades not for any sort of religious vindication but for the chance to make new fortunes.It can be said the Crusades did not advance the cause of Christ at all due to the fact that the more the Crusades came the more innocent people they killed and the more embittered the people in the region became towards Christianity. The Crusades actually set back the cause of Christ from being willfully accepted by the people. Instead of creating converts what the Crusades did was create more enemies instead.

Food habits and globalization Essay

Traditions has been changed since the western food had reached to the GCC, according to Topics-mag.com (2007) â€Å"Many people feel fast food plays a big role in changing the traditional diets of cultures worldwide†. The obesity is a global problem, that it impacted by the bad influence from the globalization. After this, the health became one of the most important issues, because changing habits can destroy the health, also it destroys the traditions, because children nowadays will not be able to eat and have the same healthy food that their parents had. In fact, Food in the UAE has negatively impacted by globalization. The first issue is health, years ago or maybe more our parents had accustomed to eat certain type of food, and by changing it this fast it would be dangerous. Globalization effected many countries by spreading the different types of food restaurants. America as an example spread many junk food restaurants in the UAE, like Macdonald’s, KFC, and pizza hut. Children and adults nowadays eat too many junk food, because its faster, and easy to find. Our parents used to eat healthy food and their bodies does not include junk food, by changing patterns in this generation health has been effected. Obesity and chronic diseases is caused by the changing diet pattern (Neuhouser, Thomson, Coronado, & Solomon, 2004). It seems like the junk food is spreading in the GCC very fast, and the demand of the fast food increased. The reason why health was effected is the new food pattern and if we looked at what this food included we would be surprised. Most of the junk food includes vegetables, meet, and sauces, if we looked gently to the ingredients we will find many of genetically modified organism. This GMO is harmful for the health, because it’s not natural (Emanuelle Landais, 2007). According to sid candid, the fast food can be done fast and taste better but in spite of this advantages â€Å"they are low on the nutritional elements and hardly provide any benefits to the body.† Junk food is full of oil and the person can get fats easily.

Entrepreneurial Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Entrepreneurial Marketing - Essay Example They also strive towards safeguarding the environmental safety by reducing the carbon print of the breweries and introducing various green technologies. These green technologies have earned them both local and international awards. The brewery can maintain a great sense of sustainability, community, and passion for the best ale. The recent industry trends report over the last five years produced by various independent bodies including SIBA indicates that there is a continuing success that is visible in the Ale sector with yearly growth and emerging categories often gaining their market share. One emerging market sector is in the growth of the 330ml packaged beer bottle. This is attracting a younger audience. Since Hobsons is in need of venturing into this market with a sub-brand, it requires ample market research and analysis. This paper seeks to fulfill that by developing a sub-brand that is not detrimental to the other brands of the brewery. It also seeks on the target audience and means of engaging them and marketing the product this new product in the market. The main consideration of this project is to come up with a sub- brand for Hobson brewery, which is not detrimental to the existing brand of the brewery. This is due to the emerging growth of the market for the 300 ml bottle of beer. This beer is attracting a younger audience of above eighteen years and considering that they make a high percentage of the total population in the area, tapping into this market is beneficial for the company. The brewery company has to come up with the best strategies to market and engage their target audience. They also aim at knowing what additional beer styles to create to maintain a competitive advantage. Moreover, they aim at coming up with a communication activity where they would gather the required feedback from the targeted market. The brewery also aims at coming up with promotional activity to ensure that they attract and retain more customers in their targeted

What are the risks of climate change and global warming Research Paper - 1

What are the risks of climate change and global warming - Research Paper Example This way, the temperature of the earth is maintained by this layer, which has Carbon dioxide as its major component (Pearson, 2011). The earth has various sources where carbon is stored. Plants, humans, oceans and the soil all store carbon. Humans release this carbon into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. Human activities, such as deforestation and fossil fuel burning, aide the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These activities have increased the amount of carbon dioxide by a whopping 42% more than it was during the era of industrialization. The release of green house gases coupled with carbon dioxide makes the earth’s atmospheric outlook to resemble a blanket that traps heat due to its thick nature. The atmospheric blanket is responsible for keeping the climate cool and stable(Pearson, 2011). The human activities cause disruption to this blanket, hence the adverse atmospheric and climatic changes in the planet. These changes destroy the layer that insulates the planet from the excess sun radiations, therefore increasing the warmth of the planet. In addition, the planet is prone to extreme weather conditions, which are attributed to human activity(Nemeth, 2012). The reality of climate change is a subject of discussion in many world environmental forums. Amongst the organizations that acknowledge the effects of the climate change are The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and The United States Environmental protection Agency. These agencies concur with the argument that the world is facing the effects of the climate change (Simon, 2010). The average earth temperature is 14 Í ¦ C, but this has risen rapidly since the ice age period. The average global temperature has increased, from 1901 to 2014, by 0.89 Í ¦ C. the largest part of the increase is attributed to the Industrial Revolution, that increased the number of establishments

Knowledge Management And Organizational Learning Essay

Knowledge Management And Organizational Learning - Essay Example As Noe (2002, p. 168) noted, knowledge management is a management process that the performance of a business can be enhanced by designing, implementing and strategically aligning various tools, processes, systems, structure and cultures with a view to create and share knowledge among its people and to use for overall business purpose. The very basic three elements included in Knowledge management are 1) creation of the knowledge through some effective strategies, 2) sharing of the created knowledge among people and 3) making it available and useful for any business purpose.   Knowledge Management has been found to be useful for the organization as it helps it get the products to the target market quicker, develop innovative ideas, serve the customer well in order to maintain customer loyalty and retention and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. As Boxall and Macky (2009, p. 10) emphasized, knowledge management helps a business achieve high performance working through variou s strategic processes and organizational development programs.   Knowledge Management has emerged to be a management tool that focuses on data, information and knowledge among the employees in an organization (Awad and Ghaziri, 2007, p. 26) and encompasses the processes by which experience, skills, expertise, knowledge and abilities are gathered, then shared among the people and utilized so that these can be converted to collective organizational learning process (Foster, 2005, p. 397).  

Bubbles by Chris Martenson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bubbles by Chris Martenson - Essay Example The 2007 housing bubble is a recent example of a bubble that has affected the American economy and the rest of the world. The author has shown that although the bubble started way back in 1998, it was still never stopped. As the author narrates, bubbles have their way around with the people. In other words, people always tend to get tricked into believing that things will be different. Based on the video, it is obvious that bubbles can be avoided if people stopped being guided by the false illusion that â€Å"this time, things will be different.† In addition, in the United States, the Federal Reserve failed in its duty to protect the public against the housing bubble. Even when the signs of the bubble started to show, the Federal Reserve continued to lower interest rates. It was rather using researches to convince the public that the housing was not going to create an asset bubble. From this, the video points to the importance of having an effective central bank system in prev enting such economic catastrophes. In the United States, the Federal Reserve failed to act on the problem before it became too big.  Finally, the video shows that an asset bubble is just an indicator of a bigger problem. The housing bubble was just an indicator of increased borrowing. There was an increase in debt from $27 trillion in 2000 to $48 trillion in 2007. This shows how asset bubbles affect other sectors of the economy. In addition, bubbles are destructive because people/organizations tend to make the wrong investments.

Explain the structure and objectives of the UK and US regulatory Essay

Explain the structure and objectives of the UK and US regulatory systems and assess whether they are capable of regulating the f - Essay Example It will then discuss the Dodd-Frank Act passed by the United States Congress and conclude with an estimation of the efforts of both countries. UK Financial Regulatory Measures In the UK several reports were made that reviewed the global recession crisis with the purpose of offering corrective suggestions that would bear on the regulation the financial service industry. The important ones were the Turner Review, The Treasury White Paper on Reforming Financial Market, and the Walker Report that dealt with corporate governance. The first important report was produced by Lord Adair Turner. In May, 2008 Turner was appointed Chairman of the Financial Services Authority. By the Bank of England Act 1998, the Tripartite Authorities was created consisting of the Her Majesty's (HM) Treasury, the Bank of England, and the newly created Financial Services Authority (FSA). The FSA took over bank supervision services from the Bank of England. Turner is an insider of the both the UK and the US financ ial markets. In the United States he worked for Chase Manhattan Bank from 1979-92 and for Merrill Lynch Europe where he serviced as Vice-Chairman during the period of the recession, 2000-2006. In 1994, Turner became a director of the influential American consulting firm McKinsey & C. Turner presented a formal talk to the Bank of India in February, 2010. The event was the 14th C.D. Deshmukh Memorial Lecture. He made several observations that foretold ways in which the U.K. would be concerned with meeting the economic crisis. Financial transaction taxes could be used to control Short-term speculative inflows. Capital requirments against trading activities and leverage constraints on bank and non-bank trades were practical tools Macro-prudential tools could be used to warn off asset price bubbles and not interest rate levers. Turner's remarks were essentially in accord with the May, 2009 Turner Review. The review went against the efficient market theory that was often used to support a stance of self-correcting markets. It stated, "Market efficiency does not imply market rationality", making a note of "self-reinforcing herd effects and of prices overshooting rational equilibrium levels" (Turner, p. 40). Suggestions made by the report included raising the amount of capital in the global banking system; requiring capital against book trading activities; enforcing the role of regulators to avoid and check unnecessary procyclicality; introducing a maximum gross leverage ratio; intense supervision of bank liquidity positions and use of a core funding ratio to be reflected on balance sheets. Regulation should be based on economic substance as opposed to legal form and unregulated financial institutions should fall under the authorities of regulates. Regulation standards under global agreements should apply to offshore financial centers. Retail depositors should be generously covered by deposit insurance. Credit rating agencies were addressed to avoid conflicts of inter est under dictates of good governance and structured finance ratings should stand review within the Basell II framework. Credit Default Swaps should fall under "clearing and central counterparty systems". Macro-prudential analysis should be used by the Bank of England and the FSA and

Company report and promotion plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Company report and promotion plan - Essay Example This report seeks to provide a competitive analysis of British Airways and create a promotional plan for the company. The promotional plan will include a marketing mix analysis, time plan, and a brief budget forecast for the expenses and revenues of the promotion. British Airways has several competitors offering the same services and which lie in the same operating area. However, the airline industry in the UK has five strategic categories, which include specialist, non-schedule, no frills, local, and mass service (Kotler, 2002:139). British Airways falls in the mass service category, with other competitors such as Virgin Atlantic, Lufthansa, KLM, and Air France. No frills airline includes Ryan Air and Easy Jet, while non-schedule airline include Thomson. In local airlines, there is BMI and Palm Air in the specialist category (Bucks, 2010). The other four categories do not offer stiff competition compared to the mass service strategic group. British Airways’ main competition comes from serious contenders, who include Virgin Atlantic and United Airlines incorporated in the Star alliance that is controlling BMI. Despite not being in the same strategic category, no-frills airlines are a significant challenge to the British Airways, especi ally due to their low cost fares (Kotler, 2002:134). In addition, the recent sharp increase in oil prices and the economic downturn has led to a war price between the three major airlines plying the London Dubai route, British Airways, emirates, and Virgin Atlantic. Consequently, fare prices have gone down by almost thirty percent, which indicates that competition is still fierce. The marketing mix, or the 4Ps, is a marketing business tool used for determining the selling point of products and services. This analyzes the current marketing mix of British Airways, emphasizing on the price, product, and promotion elements. The report neglects the place

The old Nurses story Essay Example for Free

The old Nurses story Essay Not to mention that it had a forbidden area called the east wing, which was never opened. People never dreamt of going there. Then we have the Darkness Out There, this story is based in a very similar way. It is based in a house, which is at the end of a forbidden wood called Packers End. This area was scary. You didnt go there by yourself, not even for a thousand pounds. It was nasty, creepy. People were scared stiff of Packers End. When children were younger they believed that witches, wolves and tigers existed there. That was until they found out about the German plane that had came down after the war, and an aircrew was killed there, people had heard them talking, still chattering in German. At the end of Packers End, there is a cottage, Mrs Rutters cottage. Both stories are narrated to young children by old female characters. The Old Nurses Story, is narrated by a nanny, and is told to the children, which she looks after. She seems to know a lot about the family history. Therefore not only does she share her story with the children to inform them about their family, but also to entertain them. The Darkness Out There, is narrated by a old cottage loaf women, who seemed composed of circles, a creamy smiling pool of a face, and eyes which snap and dart. Already we can judge Mrs Rutters character, we are made to feel that this woman is not as nice as she seems. She seems snidy, and very crafty. We can sense darkness, this is very symbolic. It connects to the title and we soon realise why. As the plot begins to unravel, we begin to see the darkness in Mrs Rutter, the narrator of the story. It is also narrated to young children. Both stories have used children for they are innocent, and easily influenced. This creates sympathy, yet suspense. Scary noises are very important conventions, probably one of the most important, and they are also used in both stories. In The Old Nurses Story, a great organ is heard playing, near the east wing. This was once played there by the late Lord Furnivall. In The Darkness Out There, airmen, witches, and wolves were said to be heard in Packers End. The noises create a tense atmosphere and suspense. We begin to feel scared, worried and wonder what is about to occur. It has a huge impact on the audience. The final similarity that I found interesting was that in both stories, the actions are influenced by death. In The Old Nurses Story, Lord Funivall, and Miss Furnivall both die. They are the ones that are luring their daughter Miss Rosamond to her death. In The Darkness Out There, Mrs Rutters husband is killed in the war. Therefore she refuses to help a German (enemies during the war) survive; instead she leaves him to die. Although both stories have many similarities, they also have many differences. The most obvious difference is that both stories are written in different time zones. The Darkness Out There is a contempary story. It was published post world war two, whereas The Old Nurses story was written in the 19th century, therefore they do have different writing styles. Nevertheless we cannot judge the effectiveness of the stories by knowing when they were written. We need to know the context and its conventions. However we can judge by looking at the main differences how and why a story is effective, and which particular ingredients make it effective. Firstly I looked at the aspect of fear in both stories. In The Old Nurses Story, ghosts are visual and non visual throughout the story. This is a an obvious ghost story, it is very effective, and would have been more effective at the time it was published, for ghosts were believed in and had huge impacts on life. They werent just fantasies as people regard them today. In The Darkness Out There, although there are myths of ghosts and witches, the story isnt based on a ghost. The only real fear is the evil darkness we find in Mrs Rutter. I also noticed that both stories are set in different types of weather. The Darkness Out There is based in summery weather; there is no sign of mysteriousness apart from what had previously happened in Packers End. Although we do have a little bad weather, heavy rain, evil is not symbolised through the weather. The Old Nurses Story, however has bad weather, it contains dark dull, stormy weather. A terrible winter. This is a typical symbol of evil and strange occurrences. Bad weather represents evil and makes everyone miserable. It builds a lot of tension and suspense. The final difference is the difference we learn about the storytellers. Although they are both old and female, what we do not realise are the hidden connotations, for both storytellers have different intentions. Soon we understand that Hester, the narrator in The Old Nurses Story is not telling the children the story with the intention to scare, but is informing them about their family. Mrs Rutter, narrator in The Darkness Out There, is totally different. She is very ill minded, she tells the children the story to scare them so that she can gain entertainment by watching them terrified. In other words, she scares children for pleasure. I think The Old Nurses Story is the most effective story. Although it contains all the typical ingredients, it does scare. The setting, weather symbolism and usage of ghosts combined together make it a very effective ghost story. It creates tension, suspension, and a startled atmosphere. It also leaves the audience intensified. I didnt think The Darkness Out There was a very effective ghost story. To be honest it doesnt even seem like a ghost story. Ghost stories are supposed to contain mysterious events, ghosts, and supernatural occurrences. The Darkness Out There doesnt scare the audience it just leaves them with a moral. That is never to stereotype people. It doesnt scare. I think ghost stories are effective because of the typical ingredients that they contain. A ghost story isnt a story without spooky occurrences. The idea of listening to a ghost story is to be scared. The Old Nurses Story creates this effect, and therefore I think it is the most effective. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Angiosperm Questions

Angiosperm Questions Jump to: Answers Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The products of meiosis in plants are always which of the following? a.  spores b.  eggs c. sperm d.  seeds e.  both B and C 2. Which of the following is the correct sequence during alternation of generations in a flowering plant? a.  sporophyte-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes-fertilization-diploid zygote b.  sporophyte-mitosis-gametophyte-meiosis-sporophyte c.  haploid gametophyte-gametes-meiosis-fertilization-diploid sporophyte d.  sporophyte-spores-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes e.  haploid sporophyte-spores-fertilization-diploid gametophyte 3. Which of the following is true in plants? a.  Meiosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes. b.  Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. c.  The gametophyte is the dominant generation in flowering plants. d.  Plants exist continually as either sporophytes or gametophytes. e.  Male gametophytes and female gametophytes have the same structure. 4. All of the following are features of angiosperms except: a.  a triploid endosperm. b.  an ovary that becomes a fruit. c.  animal pollination. d.  a small (reduced) sporophyte. e.  double fertilization. 5. All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the: a.  stigma. b.  anther. c.  sepal. d.  carpel. e.  style. 6. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest impact on pollination? a.  sepal b.  petal c.  stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 7. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest potential impact on fertilization? a.  sepal b.  petal c. stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 8. Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? a.  petals-sepals-stamens-carpels b.   sepals-stamens-petals-carpels c.  spores-gametes-zygote-embryo d.  sepals-petals-stamens-carpels e.  male gametophyte-female gametophyte-sepals-petals 9. All of the following are primary functions of flowers except: a. pollen production. b.  photosynthesis. c.  meiosis. d.  egg production. e.  sexual reproduction. 10. Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the: a.  ovule. b.  style. c.  megasporangium. d.  anther. e.  ovary. 11. A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following correctly describes a perfect flower? a.  It has no sepals. b.  It has fused carpels. c.  It is on a dioecious plant. d.  It has no endosperm. e.  It has both stamens and carpels. 12. Which of the following types of plants is not able to self-pollinate? a.  dioecious b.  monoecious c.  complete d.  wind-pollinated e. insect-pollinated 13. In flowering plants, pollen is released from the: a.  anther. b.  stigma. c.  carpel. d.  filament. e.  pollen tube. 14. In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid? a.  megaspore b.  generative nucleus of a pollen grain c.  polar nuclei of the embryo sac d.  microsporocyte e.  both megaspore and polar nuclei 15. Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants? a.  megasporocyte b.  microsporocyte c.  endosperm d.  pollen tube e.  megasporocyte and microsporocyte 16. Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces? a.  meiosis-fertilization-ovulation-germination b.  fertilization-meiosis-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm c.  meiosis-pollination-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm d.  growth of pollen tube-pollination-germination-fertilization e.  meiosis-mitosis-nuclear fusion-pollen 17. Which of these is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation? a.  anther-gametophyte b.  pollen-gametophyte c.  embryo sac-gametophyte d.  stamen-sporophyte e.  embryo-sporophyte 18. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac? a.  sporangia-meiosis-two haploid cells-meiosis-two pollen grains per cell b.  pollen grain-meiosis-two generative cells-two tube cells per pollen grain c.  two haploid cells-meiosis-generative cell-tube cell-fertilization-pollen grain d.  pollen grain-mitosis-microspores-meiosis-generative cell plus tube cell e.  microsporocyte-meiosis-microspores-mitosis-two haploid cells per pollen grain 19. Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule? a.  An antheridium forms from the megasporophyte. b.  A megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis. c.  The egg nucleus is usually diploid. d.  A pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination. e.  The endosperm surrounds the megaspore mother cell. 20. Where and by which process are sperm produced in plants? a.  meiosis in pollen grains b. meiosis in anthers c.  mitosis in male gametophytes d.  mitosis in the micropyle e.  mitosis in the embryo sac 21. In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent? a.  ovule-egg b.  embryo sac-female gametophyte c.  endosperm-male gametophyte d.  seed-zygote e.  microspore-pollen grain 22. Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant? a.  ovule b.  microsporocyte c.  pollen grain d.  embryo sac e.  stamen The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm. 23. Which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s) rise to the embryo plant? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 24. Which cell(s) become(s) the triploid endosperm? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 25. What is the relationship between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants? a.  Fertilization precedes pollination. b.  Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species. c.  Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. d.  Pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur. e.  If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary. 26. Genetic incompatibility does not affect the a.  attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. b.  germination of the pollen on the stigma. c.  growth of the pollen tube in the style. d.  membrane permeability of cells. e.  different individuals of the same species. 27. The integuments of an ovule function to do what? a.  protect against animal predation b.  ensure double fertilization c.  form a seed coat d.  both A and B e.  both A and C 28. A fruit includes a.  one or more seeds. b.  the ovary wall. c.  fleshy cells rich in sugars. d.  brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers. e.  both A and B 29. Which of the following is not an advantage of an extended gametophyte generation in plants? a.  Male gametophytes can travel more easily within spore walls. b.  The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. c.  The lack of need for swimming sperm makes life on land easier. d.  Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e.  Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. 30. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a.  The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b.  A triploid zygote is formed. c.  Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed. d.  Two embryos develop in every seed. e.  The fertilized antipodal cells develop into the seed coat. 31. Which of the following statements regarding the endosperm is false? a.  Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots. b.  It develops from a triploid cell. c.  Its nutrients are digested by enzymes in monocot seeds following hydration. d.  It develops from the fertilized egg. e.  It is rich in nutrients, which it provides to the embryo. 32. What is the embryonic root called? a. plumule b. hypocotyl c.  epicotyl d.  radicle e.  shoot 33. Which of the following vegetables is botanically a fruit? a.  potato b.   lettuce c.  radish d.  celery e.  green beans 34. Which of these structures is unique to the seed of a monocot? a.  cotyledon b.  endosperm c.  coleoptile d.  radicle e.  seed coat 35. Fruits develop from: a.  microsporangia. b.  receptacles. c.  fertilized eggs. d.  ovaries. e.  ovules. 36. The first step in the germination of a seed is usually: a.  pollination. b.  fertilization. c.  imbibition of water. d.  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves. e. emergence of the radicle. 37. When seeds germinate, the radicle emerges before the shoot. This allows the seedling to quickly: a.  obtain a dependable water supply. b.  mobilize stored carbohydrates. c.  protect the emerging coleoptile. d.  avoid etiolation. e.  initiate photosynthesis. 38. In plants, which of the following could be an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? a.  genetic variation b.  mitosis c.  stable populations d.   rapid population increase e. greater longevity 39. Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to: a.  plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes. b.  transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France. c.  root cuttings of varietal Burgundy grapes from France. d.  cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes. e.  graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian) root stocks. 40. Which of the following is not a scientific concern relating to creating genetically modified crops? a.  Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. b.  Insect pests may evolve resistance to toxins more rapidly. c.  Nontarget species may be affected. d.  The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. e.  Genetically modified plants may lead to unknown risks to human health. Angiosperm Reproduction Questions Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 2. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 3. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 4. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 5. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 6. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 7. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 8. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 9. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 10. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 11. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 12. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 13. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 14. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 15. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 16. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 17. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 18. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 19. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 20. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 21. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 22. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 23. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 24. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 25. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 26. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 27. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 28. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 29. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 30. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 31. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 32. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 33. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 34. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 35. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 36. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 37. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.2 38. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.3 39. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.3 40. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.4 E A B D C B D D B B E A A

Incineration Is Not A Solution To Garbage Environmental Sciences Essay

Incineration Is Not A Solution To Garbage Environmental Sciences Essay With rapid population growth, garbage treatment becomes a global challenge since clean and safe disposal of garbage is technically difficult. In 2007, garbage crisis occurred in an Italian city called Naples which was plagued by garbage lying along the streets (Alessio V, 2008). Italian suffered mainly due to overfilled landfills. The crisis draws worldwide concern over waste management. Incinerator offers counter-measure to overflowing landfills. Incineration is one of waste treatment techniques involving thermal combustion of garbage to transform the waste intoÂÂ  heat, particulates, bottom ash and flue gases (Andrew K, 2005). Air pollution experts claim that technological breakthrough and strict regulation have resulted in no prominent threats posed by incineration. (Health protection Agency, 2009) However, hazards brought by incinerators remain significant and lingering. The aim of this paper is to assess deleterious consequences caused by incineration. Although modern incin eration has improved tremendously, its drawbacks are still overwhelming because of unsolved pollution problems, high cost relative to other viable alternatives and conflict between recycling and incineration. To begin with, three main types of pollutants are inevitably emitted during combustion of hazardous waste, which are heavy metals, unburned toxic chemicals and new pollutants formed during incineration. Firstly, toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and chromium are reported to be widely distributed in industrial refuse and household waste (Ole H et al, 2002). Metals cannot be destroyed by incineration. Even worse is that they are discharged in more concentrated and hazardous form after combustion (Greenpeace international, 2004). In addition, they are exhausted in form of microscopic gas particles, which increases the vulnerability of our respiratory systems. Obviously, incineration does not eliminate the threats posed by heavy but intensifies them. Secondly, highly poisonous dioxin and furan are produced in reaction among partially decomposed waste components (Greenpeace international, 2004). Particularly, they are more dangerous than original waste. Upon disch arge into atmosphere, dioxin can be carried by air and ocean to an area remote from the sources. Thirdly, incomplete combustion of waste results in escape of unburned toxic substances. Incinerator ash carries these unburned toxic substances to environment through chimney (Greenpeace international, 2004). Indeed, air pollution problem is deteriorated because numerous venomous products are generated during garbage combustion. Proponents argue that modern and well regulated incinerators only account for a small percentage of local pollution although the detrimental health effects of emissions on human are not certainly ruled out. According to Health Protection Agency, operators of modern incinerators are obligated to prevent violation of environmental regulations by pressing emission below the strict limits (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, U.K., 2009). Incinerators are equipped with latest devices such as scrubber, electrostatic precipitators and cyclone to capture harmful pollutants (Water Environment Federation, 2009). Only a small amount of air pollutants is then released from incinerators in comparison with obsolete counterparts. Consequently, the additional cost born by residents living near incinerators is almost negligible. For instance, over 90 percent of human exposure to dioxin is animal foodstuff such as dairy produce, meat, seafood and eggs, which contrasts with limited inta ke of dioxin through inhalation. Calculation demonstrates that incineration contributed less than 1 percent to UK total emission of dioxin (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, U.K., 2009). Seemingly, incinerator is only a minor source of exposure. Undeniably, air pollution control devices make flue gas cleaner but pollutants are neither destroyed nor vanished forever by technologists because the devices are designed to transfer toxic substances from exhaust to ash. On the other hand, substantial amount of captured exhaust refuse have to be buried in special landfills (Greenpeace international, 2000). Referring to the report from Greenpeace International, the highest concentration of pollutants has been found in residues accumulating inside control devices. They can leach out from the burial sites and immediately threaten neighboring water bodies (Greenpeace international, 2000). In short, this illustrates that advanced control equipment merely postpone the environmental impact by shifting the pollution problem from air to land. Quite the opposite, incineration is not a cost-effective option of waste management because of high operation cost per ton. Costs of any waste treatment systems have several determinants including level of technology, features of disposed materials, energy costs, land, labor, and financing costs. Despite the diversified factors, incineration is always more costly than alternatives. First of all, the operation cost per ton is at least twice as high as that required for landfills which are competent substitute of incineration (Rand T et al, 2000). Table 1 shows the figures for capital cost per ton per day of waste handled by recycling/composting in industrial nations and less industrialized nations or incineration in 2004. There is an enormous difference between the cost of recycling/composting and incineration. Table 1 Capital costs of incineration versus recycling and composting tpd = tons per day (Rand T et al, 2000) The cost required for recycling/composting varied from US$4000 to US$90000 for industrial nations and US$450 to US$5300 for industrializing nations. In general, the average cost required for recycling/composting was still considerably lower than incineration cost which amounted to at least US$136000. Incinerator advocates allege that the operation cost of incineration tends to reduce gradually because of technological advances. The drop in operation cost is primarily attributable to improvement in dewatering technology. Total solid concentration ranging from 27% to 30 % is produced by dewatering, which allows spontaneous combustion upon ignition (Water Environment Federation, 2009). Spontaneous combustion suggests that no auxiliary fuel is required so fuel cost saving is significant especially when fuel price is soaring during economic recovery. Moreover, if heat energy produced during combustion is recovered and converted into electricity, the costs may drop further by $30 to $50 per ton (Water Environment Federation, 2009). It can be predicted that ongoing development of incineration technology is likely to formulate more cost-reducing strategies for the future. On the contrary, technology tends to raise cost instead because latest air pollution control devices or facilities are expensive. Air pollution control devices add heavy cost to incineration. For instance, flue gas clean-up equipment is responsible for approximately 30% of the capital costs of a conventional incinerator in United Kingdoms (Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions of U.K. , 2000). Next, public awareness of health hazard caused by incinerators and increased emission limits in the United States forces incinerator owners to invest on updating obsolete and more polluting facilities. Apart from this, if special landfills were established to collect the toxic ash from residues in air pollution control devices, it would drastically increase operation cost (Brenda P, 2004). Besides, incineration hinders the development of recycling which is less expensive since they are incompatible. Incinerators require a minimum amount of trash to sustain daily operation and produce electricity (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). The need of garbage for fuel encourages product consumption and waste disposal and leads to keen competition for waste between recycling and incineration sectors. Furthermore, incineration projects divert funding from recycling programs to an extent that little money is left for them. For example, the Polish National Fund for Environmental Protection offered a loan to construct a waste incinerator in Warsaw, provided that the Warsaw authorities continued to fund waste separation and recycling (Brenda P, 2004). However, shortly after they received the loan, the Warsaw City Council cut budget for its recycling program. Apart from waste and funds, they also compete for government support as their development is subject to government regulat ions concerning pollution control as well as garbage disposal (Jeffrey M, 2006). Incineration upholders may refute the argument by claiming that garbage contents are diversified enough to satisfy both recycling and incinerators. They admit that both recycling and incinerators demand paper which has high energy value. Nevertheless, only paper which has been recycled so many times that its fiber-making ability was lost will be incinerated (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). Otherwise, it can be recycled. Similarly, paper unsuitable for recycling, including hospital wipes, will also be incinerated for energy (Confederation of Paper Industry, 2009). This suggests that despite the demand for the same waste materials, incineration and recycling rely on distinct sources of the same materials. Anyway, the problem lies on the adverse effect on social value toward waste but not what deserves incineration. Heavy dependence on incineration promotes the throw-away lifestyle, escalating waste problem. Unregulated manufacture of products and goods dismiss recyclability and reusability (Brenda P, 2004). According to Friends of the Earth, in Shrewsbury, Shropshire in England, incineration target decreased from 57% to 27% after the onset of incinerator operation (Shrewsbury Friends of the Earth, 2009). This finding shows that with waste figures decrease due to incineration, the absence of incentive and pressure discourages recycling. The above discussion summarizes the detrimental effects caused by incineration in term of pollution, financial cost and incompatibility with recycling. Undoubtedly, our world continuously and ubiquitously generates garbage which must be properly handled. However, we should not be obsessed with technological advances in incineration. Improved incinerators are not flawless, which solve old problems inefficiently and sometimes create new ones. Incinerators remain polluting, cost public and government heavily and threaten the survival of recycling activities. Incineration is, thus, not a solution to overflowing garbage. (Total words:1467 Words per sentence: 22.3)

Symbols and Symbolism - Houses and Cars in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism of Houses and Cars in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Francis Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, is full of symbolism, which is portrayed by the houses and cars in an array of ways. One of the more important qualities of symbolism within The Great Gatsby is the way in which it is so completely incorporated into the plot and structure. Symbols, such as Gatsby's house and car, symbolize material wealth.    Gatsby's house "[is] a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy" which contains "a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy" is a symbol of Gatsby's large illegal income (Fitzgerald 9)(9). Gatsby's large income isn't enough to keep him happy. He needs "The house he feels he needs in order to win happiness" and it is also the perfect symbol of carelessness with money which is a major part of his personality (Bewley 24). Gatsby's house like his car symbolizes his vulgar and excessive trait of getting attention. Gatz's house is a mixture of different styles and periods which symbolizes an owner who does not know their true identity. The Buchanan's house is symbolic of their ideals.    East Egg is home to the more prominent established wealth families. Tom's and Daisy's home is on the East Egg. Their house, a "red and white Georgian Colonial mansion overlooking the bay" with its "wine-colored rug[s]" is just as impressive as Gatsby's house but much more low-key (Fitzgerald 11)(13). East egg and Tom's home represents the established wealth and traditions. Their stable wealth, although lacking the vulgarity of new wealth, is symbolic of their empty future and now purposelessness lives together. The House also has a cold sense to it according to Nick. This sense symbolizes Tom's brutality, and as Perkins's says in his manuscript to Fitzgerald "I would know...Buchanan if I met him and would avoid him," because Tom is so cold and brute (Perkins 199).    Nick lives in West Egg in a rented house that "[is] a small eye-sore" and "had been overlooked"(Fitzgerald 10). Nick lives in a new-rich West Egg because he is not wealthy enough to afford a house in the more prominent East Egg. His house symbolizes himself shy and overlooked. Nick is the Narrator and also the "trust worthy reporter and, ...judge" that has ties to both the East and West Egg crowd(Bruccoli xii).

Essay --

When one looks at their life, at any stage in which they live, it is pivotal to see clearly how they are finding meaning, purpose and direction within their daily decisions. As I’ve learned to value the role of community and covenant relationships in my life, it has been a challenge to continually commit myself to overcoming my flesh and correctly align myself with God’s intentions for my life. As part of this transformative process in centering my worldview on Christ’s love, I’ve concluded that all of life’s ultimate questions are found to have been correctly answered in the Bible; repeatedly in Scripture, and specifically in one verse, I have found that it sources everything in life to the glory of God. Romans 11:36 centers our attention on Christ, from whom we derive all answers to origins, meaning, morality, destiny and identity for our lives: â€Å"For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen. (ESV).à ¢â‚¬  Not only does the most credible book ever written support this thesis, but in â€Å"Making Sense of your World,† it is strongly communicated that â€Å"God alone is the ultimate reality and everything else is derived from him (Phillips, Brown, Stonestreet, 2008, p. 44).† Every living creature on this earth exists becuase of God’s will. Regardless if an individual refuses to accept the truth that our entire world was created by a creator or not, it is obviously proven that all creatures on this earth have a beautiful design that did not originate from ourselves. We exist because of â€Å"God’s free decision to create† as it is argued by Phillips et al. (2008), and furthermore is reiterated that â€Å"my existence is not by chance, but the result of a purposeful choice.† In response to this proven fact, as po... ... inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith—that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may have strength to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ that surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God. Now to him who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or think, according to the power at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen.† References W. Gary Phillips, William E. Brown, John Stonestreet. (2008). Making Sense of Your World: A Biblical Worldview, 2nd ed. Salem, WI: Sheffield Publishing Company. ESV Text Edition: 2011. The Holy Bible, English Standard Version (ESV). Wheaton, IL: Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.

Success: Goals

My Road to Success GEN/200 Irene Blundell My Road to Success Even though my road will be mentally and emotionally exhausting, I will need to obtain and maintain self-determination; to reach my goals in life. I never want to lose sight of the goals I have set before myself. I will become an example for this generation and many more ahead as long as I stay motivated to my goals. I will prove to my family that if they apply the right knowledge, anything is possible. I have to sacrifice to benefit my future for the reason that my future will be filled with wealth, happiness, and a sense of accomplishment.Continuing to receive the positive outlook I receive from many situations in life. Every day is one step closer to my goals as long as I stay focused. Self-determination is the key to reach goals in my life. Self-determination is to become accountable to my actions, thought, and words. Always developing an understanding of what my life experience have led me. My success is not focusing o n my situations at hand but the main goal ahead. I understood when I wrote my goals there would be sacrifices that I would need to face.Some people give excuses because they want to settle or scared to achieve greatness just because of how they think of themselves. People do not understand how much life has to offer. If they only humble there to mind and realize there is a bigger road than the dip in the road. Through my struggles in life, I had to humble myself and receive the positive outlook from the situations. I do not expect success to be easy, but continuing to be strong in my beliefs and not giving up and staying focused ahead is an award in itself. It would have been easy for me to give up, but I was driven on my goals I have set for my life.I never seen success to follow but I took advantage of the successful people that who were planted in my life to encourage me and teach me along this road. The past is an unchanging, but as long as I understand that I can change my tomo rrow, my life will become remarkable. The only way we move forward is to learn from the past and let it go. Some people spend more time living in the past and jeopardize an amazing future (Maxwell, 2003). After years of turmoil, I understood that forgiveness is the main factor a successful life. Maintaining self-discipline in college is vital to success.In college, I need to have good time management, budget, and become accountable for my actions. This degree plan I will obtain will set me up on an excellent career plan. I will not settle for getting by, but doing my best and settling college goals. I am the only one in my generation to finish high school and attend college, but not the last. Through all my hard work and dedication I will be able to pass down a legacy. I will pass down the knowledge that will help my family to achieve goals. For that every action that I do, not only reflect on me, but also my family.My family will reach the top together and not hold one another on a pedestal. No one wants to reach the top alone but acquiring amazing people to share it with along the road. Being someone’s biggest supporter can mean more that I considered. I think twice before I speak because my words influence people. I can either sow a seed of success or failure. It will benefit me in life if I decide to speak of success; because what a man sows he shall will reap I have been truly blessed with the successful people in my life that guided me onto the right path.They took time out of their life to impact mine, now I will impact others. Goals not written out are just wishes. Writing out my goals was hard to understand in the beginning. I had to set my goals high enough to inspire me but low enough to keep me encouraged. Writing my goals for my life was a slow but steady process but familiarized myself with this benefit. I always write my goal out and look at them every day just to reassure myself that success is just a decision away. Throughout My Road I put my goals in two groups. First, I set my Long-term goal with patience and research.Second, I make short-term goals to complete as long as it lines up with my main goal. I have accomplished goals in the past and understand the benefits of self-accomplishment. The reward I receive by achieving my goals is why I strive to keep pushing forward. Understanding that choices I make in life whether good or bad have an effect on the road of life. Throughout My road I have seen a great deal of people around me fail or give up. I took what I saw and applied it as positive tools for my lifestyle. I became strong because I never believed I was defeated or victimized of my situation .I decided not to keep that vicious family failure continuing in my own life was the stepping stone. When I realized that there was more to life than what my negative people in my life. I knew that the sky is the limit. I had an abundance of help from people who came into my life not because they had to but because they wanted to. My mentors were not going to let me be another statistic and gave me a chance to realize my potential. Every person in this world has potential they just need to accept the blessing and realize what is inside them.Although this road will be mentally and emotionally exhausting, I have made a decision to maintain self determination to reach my goals in life, for two main reasons. First, to be a great example for my family, I want them to understand what I was taught but that it is not where I came from but where I am headed (Fitzgerald, 2003). My family will understand that I apply the right knowledge in my life for that ,anything is possible. Serving in the military taught me about having self-discipline and Appling it to my life. I am glad I came into college with self-discipline and motivation I received in training.Every Situation I am in I receive the positive knowledge and apply it to my life. Most important is striving for my goals. I never want to lack motivati on or lose sight of what I am striving for. I will have self-discipline in my life to stay focus and motivate to achieve my goals. If I continue to strive, my future will be filled with wealth, happiness, and a sense of accomplishment. References Fitzgerald, E. (2003). First Lady of Song. Retrieved from http://www. ellafitzgerald. com Maxwell, J. C. (2003). Attitude 101. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc..

Pros and Cons of Lenski’s Socio-Cultural Developement Essay

Lenski’s levels of socio-cultural explain the changes in cultural ideas which are caused by new technology. There are four levels of development: hunting and gathering, horticulture and pastoralism, agriculture, and industry. The first level of development is hunting and gathering. Hunting and gathering is the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation. Some benefits of this stage could be that they all did basically the same thing, therefore, more equality in their society. They also lived in small groups instead of large communities, so they were more socially intertwined. Some of the negatives where having to move a lot to follow migrating animals and finding food when their supply ran out. Another is that they were extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. With all members doing these tasks, there wasn’t much time for other things. The second level is horticulture and pastoralism. Horticulture is the use of hand tools to raise crops, and, pastoralism is the domestication of animals. The positives of this stage include being able to feed more which led to larger settlements. Also they were able to stay in the same place if they did both of these things. Some of the drawbacks were that rulers started coming into play. Also, they had to find good soil to plant crops. If their society depended basically on pastoralism they tended to be nomadic. The third level is agriculture. Agriculture involved large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources. Some of the positives of this stage include less human labor and large food surpluses. This also led to more work choices and time for some to study and cultivate a refined way of life. Some of the negatives included a more impersonal and individualistic social life. This caused more social inequality and caused there to be a few elite and many serfs. Men also started gaining more power over women. The fourth level is industry. Industry involved the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery. There were many benefits and negatives to this stage. Some of the benefits include a lot less human labor which in turn boosted productivity. There also became much  more transportation, communication, and schooling. This started more personal freedom, political rights, and less inequality. The living standards also increased in this stage, which spurred advanced medical care. Some of the drawbacks were the large factories where people were supervised by strangers. Also many cultural values surrounding family-centered life were pushed aside, which weakened the community. We also started to abuse the natural environment and created more weapons. These stages led to major changes in the way of human life. There were many benefits and drawbacks to each stage. We can learn many things by seeing the way things have changed and by studying our history.

The slutty double standard

SSH e felt ashamed and degraded. I wanted to cry with her. I can't think Of a more humiliating ins alt. First of all I am going to address a problem in our culture called â€Å"slut shaming† the cone opt women being shamed and euthanized. Slut shaming is a double standard that is highly n touchable in our society. I see it in the words that come out of my contemporaries, acquaint cues or even my friend's mouths. I see this double standard in an overwhelming amount in our tabloids, blob posts.It is also found in most TV shows, Movies and even song lyrics. One of the earliest definitions Of slut is an untidy woman. It has changed and become a sexual slur targeted towards females. This aspect that there are few words as hurtful as insinuating female promiscuity says a lot about our society. (Definition of slut shaming) Slut shaming also known as slashing, is the idea of shaming and/ or attacking a woman or a girl for being sexual, having one or more sexual partners, acknowledging sex al feelings, and/ or acting on sexual feelings. (From an article in psychology today) Furthermore, it's about the implication that if a woman has sex in which trade action society disapproves of, she should feel guilty and inferior. It is damaging not only to t he girls and women targeted, but to women in general and society as a whole. Terms that imply female romanticist include: tramp, where, sank, hoe, and many more that are not a appropriate for this forum. Terms that imply male promiscuity: leadsman, gigolo, stud, sugar daddy, womanlier, playboy, and player.One thing we should be conscious of is Term ms that imply female promiscuity consist in a negative matter rather than the male terms the at instead embodies notions of power and conquest. Feel as though a big cause of this problem is how In most media females are defined by their sexual desirability but are expected to stay sexually inexperienced, while whew n men are promiscuous it is considered clever and fortunate. T his perpetuates the Dobb el standard. In the movie Pretty Woman, Richard Greer is received as a sophisticated wealthy gentleman who just happens to be with a prostitute.Julia Roberts, the prostitute is a low class hooker who is so lucky Richard Greer actually takes an interest in her. A earldom girl attending a homeless prom and wearing appropriate cloth Eng per prom guidelines got kicked out of prom because middleware homeless dads cool d not stop staring at her. Creepy grown men should stay to supervise because they are s o responsible and obviously she was the problem. At the at the Vim's (Video Music Awards) hen Mile Cyrus performed â€Å"we can't stop† I can't believe how much the media slut shah med her for towering .

Comparison Of Different Waste Management Techniques Environmental Sciences Essay

Like incineration, gasification is a thermic procedure that uses high temperatures to interrupt down waste. It is still classed as incineration in the European Unions Waste Incineration Directive and has to run into the compulsory emanation bounds that it sets. Gasification is a procedure in which stuffs are exposed to some O, but non plenty to let burning to happen. The ensuing gas mixture of C monoxide, H and methane ( with smaller measures of C dioxide and N ) is called syngas and is itself a fuel. It has a calorific value so can be used as a fuel to bring forth electricity or steam or as a basic chemical feedstock in the petrochemical and refinement industries. The calorific value of the syngas will depend on the composing of the input waste waste to the gasifier. Both gasification and incineration are capable of change overing hydrocarbon-based risky stuffs to simple, nonhazardous by-products ( A Comparison of Gasification and Incineration of Hazardous Wastes Final Report Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy March 30, 2000. There is non much indifferent informations available on gasification but the companies developing gasification claim the engineering has important advantages over traditional incineration of waste. These are as follows The procedure uses less oxygen significance that fewer air emanations may be produced incorporating possible pollutants. Less C dioxide is produced intending less impact on planetary clime alteration. Any C dioxide produced during gasification is present at much higher concentrations and at higher force per unit areas than in watercourses produced from conventional burning, doing them easier to capture ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/basics/2.html ) The workss are are made up of little units ( modular ) which can be added to or taken off from as waste watercourses or volumes change ( e.g. with increased recycling in state ) and are hence more flexible and can run at a smaller graduated table than mass burn incinerators They are quicker to construct than conventional incinerators The procedures are claimed to bring forth a more utile merchandise than standard incineration that can be used as a fuel ( syngas ) The syngas may be used to bring forth energy more expeditiously, if a gas engine ( and potentially a fuel cell ) is used, while incineration can merely bring forth energy less expeditiously via steam turbines. ( Source – Eunomia Research and Consulting ( 2008 ) . Greenhouse gas balances of waste direction scenarios – study for the Greater London Authority ) .The syngas produced by gasification can be converted into many valuable merchandises, runing from electricity and steam to liquid fuels, basic chemicals, and H. Integration of multiple merchandises of gasification into industrial applications increases chances for added grosss The energy produced from gasification may be eligible for more Reclamations Obligations Certificates ( ROC ‘s ) than conventional incineration therefore increasing the possible income The treated fluke gas from an incinerator goes straight out into the ambiance. The treated syngas from the gasification works is used as a fuel in itself. When solid waste is incinerated one of the by merchandises is bottom ash which so has to be disposed of or treated and so disposed of depending on the content. When solid is processed in a gasifier, scoria is produced which can be can be sold, used as feedstock in chemical production processes, or recycled in other in-plant procedure operations. Sulfur compounds ( H2S and COS ) in the particulate-free syngas, usually a by-product of liquid gasification are typically removed and recovered utilizing conventional gas intervention engineerings from the refinery and natural gas industries. The ensuing by-product is high-purity liquid S which can so be sold and reused. ( A comparasion of gasification and incineration of risky wastes. Concluding Report. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) Emission degrees of SOx, NOx, and particulate from gasification systems are reduced significantly compared to incineration systems. In an oxidative incineration environment, S and N compounds in the provender are converted to SOx and NOx. In contrast, syngas killing systems for modern gasification systems are designed to recover 95 to 99 % of the S in the fuel as a high-purity S by-product A comparasion of gasification and incineration of risky wastes. Concluding Report. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 )The factors impacting the pick of bag filters or ESP in waste incinerators.Factor one: The type of waste being incinerated It all depends on what is being incinerated. . The features of the dust produced by the incineration plays a function in the pick as the combustibleness of some all right stuffs regulations out the usage of electrostatic precipitators. Bag filters are really efficient at roll uping all right particulates but non so good at big particulates so it depends on the merchandise of the incineration. ( Source Should I replace my Electrostatic Precipitator with a fabric filter, I. Fanthom, C. Cottingham. ) Most common ESP filtration is best used for ambient gaining control of light atmospheric dust. Unless a hob cleaning electrostatic precipitator is used, beginning gaining control or direct ducting from a heavy dust bring forthing incineration will rapidly make full up the aggregation plates. Heavy dust aggregation requires storage for a big volume of dust. The surface country of bag filters is much greater than surface country of electrostatic aggregation home bases and work better for dust gaining control of heavy dust bring forthing incineration than ESP would. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dustcollectorexperts.com/electrostatic/ ) Factor two: Features of the airstream The features of the airstream can hold important impacts on the aggregator system. For illustration cotton cloth bag filters can non be used where air temperatures exceed 82 grades centigrade. Besides condensation of steam or H2O vapors can blind bags doing them uneffective. Assorted chemicals created in the airstream can respond with the H2O in the airstream and signifier caustic liquids such as sulfuric acid which can eat any metal in the bag i.e. if it is rearward jet bag filter with a metal coop. ESP ‘s can defy caustic stuff doing aggregation possible. The individual most of import factor act uponing the Elecrostatic precipitator is the electric resistance of the gas being caught. Fabric filters take dust from a gas watercourse by go throughing gas through a cloth and go forthing dust on the surface of the cloth. It is hence non sensitive to dust electric resistance. A fabric filter can work on emanation degrees of 10-20 mg/NM3 whereas an ESP needs to be sized to suit demands. Factor three – Cost With most designs of ESP ‘s they have to close the line down in order to keep them which incurs a cost. With most bag filters they can be changed online, non incurring a cost of closing down. The power ingestion utilizing a bag filter is higher than utilizing an ESP, evidently incurring more costs for more power. Bag filters need to be changed more often than an Electrostatic Precipitator. Typically bags need altering every 4 old ages. An ESP needs a full service every 20-30 old ages. Bag filters are extremely efficient and cost effectual due to the dust bar which is formed on the surface. ( ( Source Should I replace my Electrostatic Precipitator with a fabric filter, I. Fanthom, C. Cottingham. ) They can accomplish a aggregation efficiency of more than 99 % for really all right particulates. The ESP ‘s are more expensive to put in than the bag filters Dust tonss may be needed to be reduced before the Electrostatic Precipitation procedure ( precleaner may be needed ) hence adding to the cost. Factor four – Features of the dust. Hygroscopic ( i.e. a stuff which attracts wet from the ambiance. If non protected from contact with the ambiance ( by being stored under vacuity or under a dry gas ) some hygroscopic stuffs will finally pull so much H2O that they will organize solutions ) and these can blind bag filters doing them ineffective. Factor Five – Conformity with Environmental ordinances and jurisprudence. In 1990the Environmental protection Act ( EPA ) introduced Integrated Pollution Control ( IPC ) necessitating higher control of emanations in most industries. More late the waste Incineration Directive was introduced and has imposed important alterations on any procedure combustion waste stuffs. For illustration the entire emanation value for Cd is 0.05 mg/Nm3. ( Source the Waste Incineration Directive ) . Hence the type of intervention demands to be chosen in order to fulfill these ordinances. It will besides depend how near the waste incinerator is to edifices and the type of edifice i.e. is it near a residential country. Hence more ordinances need to be considered sing public wellness. Factor Six- Space How much infinite is at that place for the installings. ESP ‘s are larger than bag filters and therefore take up more infinite.Methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate.There are assorted methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate -biological, biodegredation utilizing anaerobiotic and aerophilic procedures and chemical and physical methods. One such biological intervention that has been investigated is utilizing vertiver grass ( N. Roongtanakiat, T.Nirunrach, S.Chanyotha, D. Hengchaovanich. Uptake of heavy metals in landfill leachate by vertiver grass ‘ Natural Science 37: 168-175. 2003 ) . They investigated the workss ability to uptake heavy metals from the leachate. The Surat ecotype vertiver workss were planted in pots and treated with landfill leachate. The vertiver grass took up more heavy metals as the strength of the leachate increased and the heavy metals were equally distributed in the shoot and the root. The consequences of the field test at the landfill site besides indicated that vertiver could be used in rehabilitating landfills and nearby countries. The vertiver workss were shown to decease after 80-85 yearss if 100 % leachate was used so they could non e straight used on immature landfills, but could be used on immature landfills if limited leachate were used. The shoot of the works should be harves ted sporadically in order to take the heavy metals from the contaminated dirt and to excite new growing for more consumption. Artificial wetlands combined with aerophilic interventions have besides been studied as a remotion method for heavy metals in leachate. The survey was undertaken at Alback landfill site in Sweden In 2003. ( Source – hypertext transfer protocol: //warrr.org/168/ ) . The leachate intervention system consists foremost of an aeration measure, followed by several wetlands with different deepnesss and flora, intermediate commixture and aeration in a ditch, and eventually deposit in a pool. An approximative sum of 120,000 M3 of leachate base on ballss through the intervention stairss yearly. Leachate samples were collected at different phases along the intervention way during a period of two months and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, nickel, lead and Cr were studied. The leachate samples were filtered with three different membranes with different pore sizes. Lead and Cr could non be detected at all in the leachate. The entire rates of decrease in the whole wetland system for Cd, Cu , and Zn concentrations were on mean – 83 % 74 % and 68 % severally. Nickel passed unchanged through the wetlands. The largest sum of metals in the leachate was already reduced during the first few metres in the wetland system, provided by deposit and aeration. Consequences of fractional process indicate that Ni and copperoccurred chiefly complex-bound to humic substances. Which are difficult to entree automatically or biologically. Zinc occurs largely in different ionic signifiers or bonded to atoms in the H2O. Harmonizing to environmental quality standards for natural Waterss in Sweden controlled by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, metal concentrations in the treated leachate are low and give rise to no or small hazard of biological effects. Further betterment to the wetland system ‘s heavy metal remotion rates is likely limited since a big sum of the metals appear as composites, which are difficult to entree automatically or biologically. ( Source  œ Persson, K. M. , Van Praahg, M and Olsberg.G, E. ( 2007 ) Removal of Heavy Metallic elements From Landfill Leachate by an Artificial Wetland During a Nordic Autumn. In: Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 1-5 October 2007, S.Margherita di Pula – Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. hypertext transfer protocol: //warrr.org/168/ ) Aerobic intervention can be used where leachate is recirculated through the waste mass and air is injected into the waste mass. An probe by M.Sartaj, M. Ahmardifar, A.Karmi Jastini ‘ ( Assessment of unmoved aerophilic intervention of municipal landfill leachate at research lab degree – Persian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction B, Engineering. Vol 34 No.Bl. Pp107-116 2010 ) found that the remotion efficiency for Magnesium, Iron, Lead and Zinc was 93 % , 90 % , 43 % and 76 % severally. Leachate was collected in a container at the underside and pumped into another container at the top, from which leachate was recirculated back into the waste mass into which air was injected. Bacterias can be used to handle leachate for heavy metals. Bacterial floc on the on the leachate surviving in an aerated system with O degrees maintained above 5mg/l. The heavy metals are taken in by the bacteriums and incorporated into their cell biomass. ( Source – Arden Quarry Landfill – www.drydenaqua.com/leachate/leachate/leachpapers/123pdf ) Chemical intervention is besides used – Three armored combat vehicles are used in which pH is adjusted, metal precipate atoms coagulate and are flocculated and foods are added to promote microbic growing The usage of ferric and ferrous oxides as coagulates separate and clot the heavy metals leting remotion. The usage of oxidizers such as H peroxide or K permanganate react with the heavy metals and pull them out of the leachate leting remotion. Simple pH accommodation of the leachate causes the heavy metals to precipitate from the leachate and therefore be removed. ( Source – www.epa.gov/nrmrl ) Other methods include revolving biological contractors, drip filters, aerated lagunas, up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactors, chemical oxidization, surface assimilation, deposit, floatation, rearward osmosis and air denudation.Techniques for the separation of plastic types originating from municipal wastesPlastics can be separated by their rosin designation codification, a method of classification developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry in 168. See below Pet Polyethylene phenolphthalein – Fizzy drink bottles and oven-ready repast trays. HDPE High-density polythene – Bottles for milk and washing-up liquids. Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride – Food trays, cleaving movie, bottles for squash, mineral H2O and shampoo.LDPE Low denseness polythene – Carrier bags and bin line drives. PP Polypropylene – Margarine bath, microwaveable repast trays. PS Polystyrene – Yoghurt pots, foam meat or fish trays, beefburger boxes and egg cartons, peddling cups, fictile cutter, protective packaging for electronic goods and playthings. OTHER Any other plastics that do non fall into any of the above classs. – An illustration is melamine, which is frequently used in plastic home bases and cups. ( Source hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/informationsheets/plastics.htm ) The first point of separation can be at the clip of aggregation. The rosin codification is identified, as seen above, by a trigon formed by three trailing pointers with a figure indoors. This system allows segregation by what is desirable for a municipal recycling segregation system and what should non be included. Other types of separation include: DRY SEPARATION, utilizing the following techniques: Air classifiers -Air separation is used to divide different plastics, or even the same plastic, by the difference of the ratio between the surface of the flake and its mass. This is done by an air counter-flow, – an air flow lifts up plastics of light denseness material and the high denseness plastic corsets down utilizing gravitation. Mechanical classifiers -These are used on flakes of plastic and are largely used to divide flakes by size. Classifiers can be round, level, inclined, with slow or high frequence quivers etc. NIR ( Near Infrared Rays ) – These give a certain measure of energy to every individual piece of plastic and step the response ; this happens in footings of msecs. Its bound is the fact it can be used merely on crystalline points ( chiefly to screen PVC from PET bottles and flakes ) Laser spectral analysis -This penetrates the surface and steps emission spectra which depends upon heat capacity and thermic conduction so color does n't count. The response clip is long on this method so it is non mostly used. Polarized visible radiation -This used to look into differences of crystallinity and applies chiefly to the sorting of PVC from PET bottles but it can be used to screen any mixture of two plastics. UV light – This is used to divide polymers that exhibit different UV induced fluorescence. To human eyes, PET will remain clear while PVC turns black therefore this is a really common manner to manually screen bottles. Electrostatic separation is a system to pull or repel different plastics harmonizing to their charge.–WET SEPARATION, utilizing the following techniquesHydro cyclones heighten the difference of specific weight by centrifugal force, so seperating the plastics. It can be used on plastics of really similar weightsSink-float by preferable solvent soaking up is used when two polymers with same specific weight demand to be separated ; a dissolver ( intoxicant, ketone, etc ) makes one of the two lighter hence they can be separated. Hydrophobicity is the disfavor of H2O ; some polymers react in a different manner when traveling into H2O under certain conditions therefore separation becomes possible.Froth floatation means air bubbles attach to one solid advancing natation in a liquid and leave the other ( s ) to drop. Chemical Separation can besides be used including Hydrolysis, Glycolysis, hydroglycolysis .PyrolysisA new separation technique for assorted plastics using selective wetting features has been developed. The surface of specific plastics can be selectively changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by utilizing a wetting agent. Then, when little air bubbles are introduced into a separation cell, they adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic plastics and drift them to the H2O surface. The new separation technique is wholly different from conventional methods based on lone differences in denseness. Plastics with the same denseness can be separated by this procedure. The fictile centrifuge can be used for many intents: for dividing plastics from mixtures, riddance of foreign affair such as paper, fibres, aluminum foil, Cu wire french friess, sand, and glass from plastics ; elucidation of waste H2O incorporating all right rosin pulverization ; etc. ( Source K.Saitoh, I. Naguna, S.Izuni. ‘ New Separation technique for waste plastics. Central Research Laboratory, Mitsui Mining and Smelting Company. 1976 )

PERSONAL GOALS & REFLECTION ASSIGNMENT BUSINESS ETHICS Essay

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RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS - Assignment Example There is evidence that the average customer satisfaction score is age-dependent. These are questions number 2 and number 7 in the questionnaire that the customers of the gymnasium during the weeks filled. The relatively younger customers tend to have been more satisfied by the services of the gymnasium as compared to the older ones. Those in the age groups 16-24 and 25-44 scored highly in the level of customer satisfaction in the ranges of 4 and 5 as opposed to the older ones in the age groups of 45-64 and above 65 who had lower scores of customer satisfactions in the ranges of 1 and 2 on average. The data establishes that indeed the mean willingness-to-pay for membership of the upgraded Gymnasium is at least  £75. This is question number 6 in the questionnaire that the customers of the gymnasium during the weeks filled. More than half of the people from whom data was collected concurred the maximum amount they would be willing to pay for monthly membership to the upgraded Gymnasium is more than  £75. This makes it a fact that the members of the gym are willing to pay a minimum of  £75 monthly for the services of the gymnasium. The gymnasium has way much more males than females. However, on average, there is a slight difference between the willingness-to-pay for membership of the upgraded Gymnasium of male and female customers. The females are slightly more willing to pay a higher amount on average of the fee than the willingness of the males on average. In accordance to a two-variable linear regression that describes the relationship between household weekly net income and willingness-to-pay for membership of the upgraded Gymnasium there is indeed a relationship between the household weekly net income and willingness-to-pay for membership of the upgraded Gymnasium. According to this regression, the estimated willingness-to-pay of a customer with a household weekly net

The First Arab-Israeli War and the Palestinian Refugee Problem Essay

The First Arab-Israeli War and the Palestinian Refugee Problem - Essay Example After American abandonment of Israel, a Jewish state in the midst of Arab and Palestinian enemies, I agree with you in claiming it was inevitable for Israel to militarize in order to realize and sustain their interests in the Middle East. Finally, even though Israel had to militarize fast, the motive of partitioning remains unknown, and I agree when you claim the war resulted from a multiplicity of factors at local, national, and international levels. For many years, the Middle East has been a region of frequent conflicts, and even today violence beginning with the Arab revolution spread throughout the region with unimaginable consequences of their social, political, economic, and cultural organization. Many wars in the Middle East could be avoided, but local, national, regional and international interests make war inevitable, and I agree when you employ this applies to the first Arab-Israeli War. It is true Palestinians were ill prepared for the war and these questions the motives for the war. I believe the war resulted from differences between Britain and America over the fate of the Middle East. Considering the arms embargo, America’s abandonment of Israel, and disunity between Arab countries about the Palestinian crisis, I agree when you claim Britain, America, and Arab countries were concerned about gaining territorial possessions than they were about the crisis in Palestine. Therefore, the fate of Palestine was influe nced by the interplay between various factors.

Article Women in PR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Kurdistan workers party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kurdistan workers party - Research Paper Example It is significant to note that the focal operation of the Kurdistan Worker Party is in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and Turkey. Further, the PKK has strong financial support and huge propaganda operations in some European countries, and it mostly relies on violent and bloody crime for financing. The group started out in the beginning of the 1970’s in Ankara comprising mainly of students. By 19978, the PKK had begun establishing a strong base since it targeted people from the Kurdish group. Days later, the group was named the Kurdistan Workers Party. It believed in a Marxist-Leninism ideology and it frequently engaged in violent and bloody conflicts as a part of its political operation in Turkey. The PKK holds that it is its role and responsibility in changing the lives of the Kurdish race in Southern Turkey. Therefore, its focus is to represent their ambitions and thoughts. The Marxist-Leninism propels the group to launch irresponsible struggle against people it calls the bourge ois (Anil, 2010). The Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) has been linked to numerous attacks and bombings. For instance, PPK was accused of attacking and bombing of the Turkish embassy in Strasbourg. They collaborated with the ASALA (Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia), an Armenian radical group to launch the attack. In 1984, the organization took another structural formation. They changed into a paramilitary group. They used France as their base setting up training camps in different parts of France. All through to the late 1980’s, the organization became very dangerous as it continued to launch numerous terrorist activities. For instance, the extremist group attacked state institutions, military bases, and government agencies. Some of these were linked to the Anatolia project that was taking place in the Southern part of Turkey (Marcus, 2009). The organization further expanded their activities in multiple countries in the Middle East and Europe, especially France a nd Germany. This expansion made them to become less and less centralized and past containment. The radical grouped continued to inflict pain and suffering to the civilian through its attacks and bombings. For instance, the group is known to be responsible for the frequent attacks and bombings on civilian and military targets in countries such as Turkey, Iraq, Belgium, and France. In the mid 1990’s, Syria started from the radical group. This was because of a transformation of tactics in the PKK’s operations in that it had began using suicide attacks on innocent civilians. As an inevitable eventuality, it started losing the edge in its operations. Further, the group used women to launch these attacks something that Syria was not happy with. The groups’ founder Abdullah Ocalan, was captured in 1999 and was sentenced to death. However, this sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. Without its leader, the group somewhat lost direction and posed less security threat s to the people. This gave Turkish government initiative to bring down the group (Marcus, 2009). In 2004, the European Union named the group as a terrorist organization. The hit against the organization heightened later that year when the United States treasury froze resources of branches of the group claiming that it was propagating terrorism activities. The group retreated to the Iraqi mountains and formed base there, with